Choosing Intellectual Protection: Imitation, Patent Strength and Licensing

نویسندگان

  • David ENCAOUA
  • Yassine LEFOUILI
چکیده

– Patents are probabilistic rights. We set up a multi-stage model in which choosing between patent and trade secrecy is affected by three parameters : the patent strength defined as the probability that the right is upheld by the court, the cost of imitating a patented innovation relative to the cost of imitating a secret innovation, and the innovation size defined as the magnitude of the cost reduction. the choice of the protection regime is the result of two effects: the damage effect evaluated under the unjust enrichment doctrine and the effect of market competition that occurs under the shadow of infringement. We find that large innovations are likely to be kept secret whereas small innovations are always patented. Furthermore, medium innovations are patented only when patent strength is sufficiently high. Finally, we investigate a class of patent licensing agreements used to settle patent disputes between patent holders and their competitors. Choix de la protection intellectuelle : imitation, force des brevets et licences RÉSUMÉ. – les brevets sont des droits de propriété probabilistes. le choix entre brevet et secret est affecté par trois paramètres: la probabilité que le tribunal confirme le droit accordé par l’office des brevets à l’innovateur, le coût d’imiter une innovation brevetée relativement à celui d’imiter une innovation secrète, et la taille de l’innovation définie comme l’importance de la réduction de coût. le choix du régime de protection est le résultat de deux effets: l’effet dommages évalué selon la doctrine de l’enrichissement indû et l’effet de la concurrence sous la menace d’une infraction. il s’avère que les innovations de plus grande taille ont tendance à être tenues secrètes alors que les innovations de plus petite taille sont toujours brevetées. les innovations intermédiaires ne sont brevetées que si la probabilité d’invalidation est suffisamment faible. enfin, nous nous intéressons à une classe de licences utilisées dans le cadre d’accords à l’amiable entre les détenteurs de brevets et leurs concurrents. * d. encaoua: university of Paris 1 Panthéon-sorbonne, ces; e-mail: [email protected] ** Y. lefouili: university of Paris 1 Panthéon sorbonne, ces; e-mail: yassine.lefouili@ m4x.org 242 annales d’économie et de statistique

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تاریخ انتشار 2006